my first five years twins on front geddes

#MY FIRST FIVE YEARS TWINS ON FRONT GEDDES SERIES#

Sexual dimorphism could be one of its main modifiers because male fetuses adapt differently to female fetuses in the face of unfavorable conditions during pregnancy. Given the complexity of these processes, it is highly probable that there are multiple variables that affect the final result of fetal programming. On the other hand, changes in gene expression patterns through epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylations, and post-translational modifications in histones and microRNAs, can be the basis for long-term maintenance of the effects of fetal programming.

#MY FIRST FIVE YEARS TWINS ON FRONT GEDDES SERIES#

The concept of fetal programming involves a series of modifications in the structure and function of different tissues and organs, among which are a reduction or redistribution of different cell populations or an abnormal sensitivity of tissues to hormonal regulation. Emerging scientific concepts, such as epigenetics, may help us establish the role of these factors. Diet, genetic risk, microbiota, and environmental interaction are possible triggers of the change in tolerance to an immune response to gluten, but large-scale cohort studies are needed. However, there is no strong evidence in favor of the protective factor of breastfeeding, timing of introduction of gluten during lactation, and the development of CD.

It is logical that attention has been paid to gluten as a key element in preventing the disease. Taking into account all these considerations, the aim of the current review is to elucidate the role of early programming and the effect of early nutrition on the development and progression of CD. It is not known what factors act to modify the risk of disease in genetically at-risk subjects. Gluten acts as a trigger for CD in genetically predisposed subjects, although approximately 30% of the world population has HLA DQ2 or DQ8, the prevalence of the disease is only 1–3%. In addition, early feeding practices could influence the risk of CD development, such as breastfeeding timing and duration and age of gluten introduction in the diet. In this sense, epigenetics comprises the study of intrauterine disturbances, which develop diseases in the adult, including celiac disease (CD).

On the other hand, changes in gene expression patterns through epigenetic modifications can be the basis for long-term maintenance of the effects of fetal programming. Experimental and epidemiological evidence has shown that modifications of the intrauterine environment can have deleterious consequences for individuals, expressed as an increased risk of suffering non-communicable pathologies in adult life, which is known as the hypothesis of the early origin of diseases or fetal programming.

My first five years twins on front geddes